Essay on Huck Finn - 941 Words

Huckleberry Finn nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is one of the greatest, most daring novels in the world. Mark Twain’s style helps to realistically portray early America. Mark Twain tells the story through the voice of Huck, the very kindhearted main character. Everything that Huck says reflects the racism and black stereotypes typical of the era. This has lead to many conflicts from readers since the novel was first printed. However, the story has inspired some. James W. Tuttleton says in an article he wrote that â€Å"Huck Finn is regularly denounced as racist trash† (The San Francisco Chronicle [1885] 6) . Yet, again to oppose that is a quote by a reader, â€Å"Anyone who is†¦show more content†¦If the author wished-for the story to be racist, he would not write about the way Huck felt towards Jim. â€Å"He [Twain] tried to evince the beauty of Huck and Jims friendship by sealing it in flawed and humble English.† ( Race Traitor [D’A ndrea 1992]). It is seen some throughout the book that Huck sees Jim as a white man. Huck tells the reader this when he realizes that Jim misses his own family and children, â€Å"I do believe he cared just as much for his people as white folks does for their’n† (150). Any words that seem to humiliate African-Americans is simply a casual use of Southern slang and not purposeful. Huck talks the way he was taught according to the culture then to stylize a specific behavior toward black slaves. However, his feelings toward Jim throughout the novel has taught Huck to conquer certain stereotypes, such as black stupidity and apathy. Huckleberry still 3 believes Jim to be inappropriate and stubborn at times, as in their exchange over the Biblical story of King Solomon and the French language. Huck doesn’t tell Jim but says to the reader,â€Å" If he got a notion in his head once, there warn’t no getting it out again†¦I see it warn’t no use wasting words – you can’t learn a nigger to argue† (76-79). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Twain uses his main character, Huckleberry Finn, to convey his literary style and therefore makes it important to think about thisShow MoreRelatedHuck Finn1657 Words   |  7 Pageswished I was dead (221). Mark Twains, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, is a tale about a boy in search for a family and a place he can truly call home. Through his adventure, he rids himself of a father that is deemed despicable by society, and he gains a father that society hasnt even deemed as a man. This lonely and depressed young boy only finds true happiness when he is befriended with a slave named Jim. Although Huck Finn was born and raised into a racially oppressive society, it is throughRead MoreEssay on Huck Finn822 Words   |  4 Pages Huck Finns relationship with slavery is very complex and often contradictory. He has been brought up to accept slavery. He can think of no worse crime than helping to free a slave. Despite this, he finds himself on the run with Jim, a runaway slave, and doing everything in his power to protect him. Huck Finn grew up around slavery. His father is a violent racist, who launches into tirades at the idea of free blacks roaming around the countryside. Miss Watson owns slaves, including Jim, so thatRead More Huck Finn Essay892 Words   |  4 PagesHuck Finn I recently read the book Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain. This story deals Mainly with a lost boy escaping his harsh existence, and a slave trying to reach freedom. During the course of this book, the slave Jim, and the Boy Huck Bond with each other. I enjoyed this book immensely for a couple different reasons. While I liked the story, and the plot kept me interested, the real reason I found myself enjoying this book so much, was Mark Twain’s use of the underlying theme of racismRead More Huck Finn Essay568 Words   |  3 Pagesuses his novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, to explore and makes fun of many problems facing American society. Huck, the main character, is considered a boy who is under pressure to conform to the aspects of society. Jim, who comes along with Huck, is a runaway slave seeking freedom from the world that has been denied it to him for so long. Throughout the entire novel Twain uses satire to show problems with society. Early in the novel, Huck scampers away with his good friend Tom and hisRead More Huck Finn Essay900 Words   |  4 Pages Tim Lively Critical Analysis: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Setting: Late 1800’s along the Mississippi River Plot: When the book begins, the main character, Huck Finn possesses a large sum of money. This causes his delinquent lifestyle to change drastically. Huck gets an education, and a home to live in with a caring elderly woman (the widow). One would think that Huck would be satisfied. Well, he wasn’t. He wanted his own lifestyle back. Huck’s drunkard father (pap), who had previouslyRead MoreHuck Finn Essay1835 Words   |  8 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain By Brenda Tarin British Literature 2323 Lois Flanagan January 27, 2009 Tarin ii I. Introduction II. Biographical sketch of author A. Past to present B. Experiences and achievements III Plot analysis A. analysis of plot structure 1. Exposition 2. Complication 3. Crisis 4. Climax 5. Resolution B. Theme of plot IVRead MoreRacism In Huck Finn1867 Words   |  8 PagesIn The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the main character Huck encounters many racist people and ideas. As Huck goes on his adventure, he learns about society, it’s people and it’s beliefs. He then has to take what he has learned about society’s people which includes slaves, and decide if society’s beliefs are correct or incorrect. Throughout the novel, he sees how assimilated the people are with the racist ideas of society. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mark Twain uses satire to suggestRead MoreEssay on Huck Finn2499 Words   |  10 Pages Throughout the Mark Twain (a.k.a. Samuel Clemens) novel, The Adventures of HuckleBerry Finn, a plain and striking point of view is expressed by the author. His point of view is that of a cynic; he looks upon civilized man as a merciless, cowardly, hypocritical savage, without want of change, nor ability to effect such change. Thus, one of Mark Twains main purposes in producing this work seems clear: he wishes to bring to attention some of mans often concealed shortcomings. While the examplesRead MoreArgumentative Essay Huck Finn958 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Argumentative Essay: Should The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn be taught in school? Daniel Perez Period 1 10/30/14 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a novel based on the journey Huck, a young boy with an abusive father, and Jim, a runaway slave, have down the Mississippi River to Free states for an end goal of freedom. Freedom means different things to both of them, to Huck freedom means to be able to do what he wants and not be â€Å"sivilized†, while Jim’s definition of freedom isRead More Racism In Huck Finn Essay1082 Words   |  5 PagesHuckleberry Finn. Huck was not raised in accord with the accepted ways of civilization. Huck faces many aspects of society, which makes him choose his own individuality over civilization. He practically raises himself, relying on instinct to guide him through life. As portrayed several times in the novel, Huck chooses to follow his innate sense of right, yet he does not realize that his own instincts are more moral than those of society. From the very beginning of Hucks story, Huck without a doubt

A Brief Note On The Problems Of Gangs - 891 Words

Josh Grice Mrs. Gallos English 3 Research Paper 24 November 2014 Gangs: The problems they make Gangs are a big problem in the world and it causes a lot of crime in the United States. There are a lot of different types of gangs in the world. You have the small gangs that are just made up of a group of friends and family, but then you also got the large gangs that are made up of hundreds of different kinds of people. Gang members go around committing so many crimes. They rob people in their own homes and in the community, they assault people for no reason but to hurt someone, they kill innocent people for no reason, and they sell drugs to all sorts of people even minors. How would you fill if people were selling drugs to your kids†¦show more content†¦Gangs go around causing trouble for no reason but to cause violence and put fear in people’s lives. Gangs are mostly between the ages 17 to 25. Some gangs are well organized, so that means they have leaders, different ranks, and specific jobs for each person. Then there are other and who are not organized at all they are just wild and everyone does whatever they want to do. Some gangs are more violent than others, for example MS- 13 are the most dangerous gang in the world they don’t care who you are if they don’t like you they will show it. Then there are some gangs like the bloods who are not as organized and they all do thee own thing. Solution There are a lot of solutions to stopping gang violence. A big one is to stop the drug trade. A lot of drugs are distributed in the neighborhoods the gangs control. If the drugs were stopped in the neighborhoods it would at least slow down a lot of the drug distribution that goes on in the world. The people in the United States alone spend 15 billion dollars on illegal drugs every year. If the people spent their money on better things we could make our economy so much better. Our security forces are not giving gang members proper punishments. They just throw them in jail for a little while with some of their friends and they still run gangs in the prisons and sometimes they get more gang members to join them in the prison. If we

Effect of Islamic Rule on Spain free essay sample

This paper examines the ways the Islamic culture influenced Europe and Spain particularly in the fields of culture, architecture and language. The paper states that the Islamic rule over Spain lasted for almost 800 years, starting in 711 A.D., and left its indelible marks on the Spanish culture and European history. The author describes several Muslim contributions. The paper concludes that the contribution of the Muslims to the European Renaissance is obscured by centuries of prejudice and animosity towards the Muslims in Spain. Table of Contents Introduction Background Reasons for the Easy Conquest Culture The Golden Period (756-1031 A.D.) Architecture Language Other Influences of Muslim Spain Conclusion The Andalusian Umayyad dynasty ruled Muslim Spain for about three centuries (756-1031). In the early part of the dynasty, Andalusia was an independent kingdom. It became a caliphate in 929 when Abd-ar-Rahman III proclaimed himself caliph. His capital, Crdoba, became the most splendid city in Europe apart from Constantinople (present-day Istanbul), and as noted earlier, the Spanish civilization during the Muslim rule was far in advance of the rest of Europe. We will write a custom essay sample on Effect of Islamic Rule on Spain or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Numerous schools were built, many of them provided free education to the poor. There were several Muslim universities where medicine, mathematics, philosophy, and literature were studied and researched.

UAE Road Regulations

The United Arab Emirates General Traffic Department seeks to promote security of the public through availing information by publications with regards to traffic offences and penalties associated with particular offences. Drivers in the United Arab Emirates are advised to conform to traffic regulations and rules.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on UAE Road Regulations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, fines have been enforced on traffic offences and suspension of driving licenses under extreme and frequent offences. The UAE have widespread high quality road network; however, driving license related rules differ from one emirate to another, although temporary, driving permits issued from one emirate are allowed throught the UAE. Traffic regulations range from prohibition of drunk driving, use of mobile phones while driving, compulsory use of seatbelts to prohibition of children under 12 travelling in vehic le’s front seats. Speed limits are 80 kph in urban areas and 120 kph in open roads for small cars. Travelers are also prohibited to leave scenes of accidents prior to police permission. With the use of radar and cameras, the police can strictly enforce these regulations. Parking regulations also exist in the city centre though parking bays, and multi story car parks are legally available. Moreover, paid parking is operated at the cost of Dh2 per hour in Dubai, with the purchase of tickets, which must be displayed on the screen. Driving standards in Dubai have been deterred by fatal road accidents, irrespective of the good road network that has between eight to ten lane highways and even more on some stretches. Fatal Road accidents in Dubai roads have emerged as one of the world’s highest statistics whose prevalence has been tied to existence of among the worlds most powerful and expensive cars with fast driving. With regards to the alarming prevalence, the ruler of Dub ai, Sheikh Mohammad instructed the Roads and traffic Authority and the Police in Dubai to come up with safety traffic solutions and crack down on road regulations offenders. The police sought to focus on speeding and ignorance of traffic signals with the use mobile radars. The United Arab Emirates road regulations generally encompass factors of traffic offences resulting into fatal motor accidents such as speeding, sudden breaking in super highways, use of mobile phones while driving, parking motor vehicles in undesignated areas, and failure of travelers to use of seat belts.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Among these factors, other wrong and bad habits among public road users include vehicles overloaded with goods and passengers, non-use of signals by drivers when shifting lanes and the use of places reserved for special needs persons. Although ignorance largely contributes to the above-mentioned offences, lack of awareness of traffic rules remains the biggest contributing factor to offences. Foreign drivers who come into United Arab Emirates are leading in terms of lack of awareness of existing traffic rules conflicting with those of foreign countries they come from. More to traffic regulations offences, other countries such as Afghanistan have high prevalence of road accidents due to the fact that their transport system is poorly developed. Their transport system is characterized by large potholes, unlit urban roads, and no traffic regulations enforced amidst poorly maintained vehicles, often overloaded and generally chaotic vehicle traffic (Global Investment and Business Center, Inc. Staff 39). Policy Framework The United Arab Emirates has come up with a policy framework with respect to countrywide rules and regulations on traffic matters that impose penalties on specific offences. These regulations have been particularly emphasized and enforced on driving under alcohol influence. There is zero tolerance in the United Arab Emirates for driving under influence on any slightest levels of alcohol consumption, with hefty penalties such as fines and even jail terms upon arrest being highly imposed. In case where individuals are involved in fatal road accidents where other parties are injured, the individuals are liable to arrest and a jail term that lasts from the period when third parties are hospitalized until the period they are discharged. Drivers involved and persons liable to accidents may be prohibited from leaving the country where lengthy court proceedings are involved. In cases where a person dies in a road accident, drivers of the vehicles involved in the accidents are liable to payment of funds amounting to fifty five thousand dollars to compensate death of the accident victims (Walker and Butler 256). Residents and non-residents of the United Arab Emirates must obtain the country driver’s license to be allowed to drive the United Arab Emirates, since foreign driver’s licenses are not recognized, with the exception of those from the United States. Among other recognized Driver’s licenses in the UAE are those that are issued by other Gulf Cooperation Council.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on UAE Road Regulations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The United Arab Emirates business industry, consumers and the society in general, incur various costs ranging from direct costs to indirect costs such as pain and grief of casualties and relatives. Direct costs incurred include medical treatment expenses for accident victims, loss of output due to victims’ absence from work, property damages, and costs associated with insurance claims and police. Works Cited Global Investment and Business Center, Inc. Staff. Afghanistan Foreign Policy and Government Guide. NY: Int’l Business Publications, 2000. Walker, Jenny B utler, Stuart. Oman UAE and Arabian Peninsula. NY: Lonely Planet, 2010. This essay on UAE Road Regulations was written and submitted by user Ian U. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Chicano Moratorium essays

The Chicano Moratorium essays Formally known as the National Chicano Moratorium Committee, The Chicano Moratorium was created, and dedicated to protest the Vietnam War. The anit-war, civil rights activist group established to promote equality among the Mexican-American culture commonly recognized as Chicano's. During the Vietnam War, a professor found that about 20% of casualties were Chicano's, but Chicano's only made up about 10% of the United States population at that time. Professor Guzman inspired two students, Rosalio Munoz, and Roberto Elias. Munoz was first ever-Chicano student body President at UCLA, and in protest to the war burned his draft card. The two young Chicano students joined together and recruited Chicano activist for a major anti-war protest, and brought attention to immoral deaths of Chicano's in the Vietnam War. Just like Zinn wrote when black civil rights leaders planned a huge march on Washington to protest a march was held in August of 1970 and was a huge accomplishment for the Chicano youths. Proving they can organize and peacefully voice their concerns to society. 30,000 people joined in to protest unequal, and unfair discriminatory treatment toward other Chicano's not just as victims of the War, but also victims of social equality. Walking down Whittier Blvd in East Los Angeles the Chicano's were proud to represent their culture in a positive way. Once the crowd reach Laguna Park where a peaceful rally began all hell seemed to break loose. It became one of the worse police abuse cases in the country, wrote blogger Luis Rodriguez who participated in the march and was arrested. The Los Angeles County Sherriff seemed to finally had enough of the Chicano Protesters, and felt that they had received their time to peacefully demonstrate their voice to society but it was time to shut it down. So during the rally at Laguna Park the Los Angeles Sherriff, and Police Dept began to attack the peaceful protesters. And...

Free Essays on Lifes A Journey

Life’s Journey High atop a bare, jagged hillside, and sealed off with rusted gates of iron, lies a decaying and ancient estate that makes many of its neighbors fearful. The hideous statues of demonic creatures look down on the town with frightful eyes. Many townspeople are afraid of this horrifying house, but all will enter. Vie N. Mort, a young, naà ¯ve boy, walks up the mountainside, already leery by nature, and with a feeling of foreboding, and a fear of the unknown, approaches the estate. His heart pounds with every step he takes, and even though his entrance causes a chill to shoot down his back, his curiosity overrides his distrust and fear. The day is beginning, and the bright morning sun provides the estate’s only source of light. As Vie enters, he sees a countless number of corridors. He chooses the first corridor to the left, taking him along what seems to be a mile-long path, lined with books on dusty bookshelves, ending at an ebony door. With some thought, he opens the door, and sees a room as black as the casing he is standing under. Nothing is present in this room save a ray of light which enters in through a bleak, cloudy window. The light shines in the window and illuminates the room. The unfurnished room appears to be endless, stretching beyond Vie’s sight. His fear of this room is unexplainable. His reaction is immediate as he turns and runs from the room, frantically searching for an exit. Vie sprints down the hallway without knowledge of the path he is taking, and soon becomes lost. In his desperate search for escape, time has elapsed and it is now afternoon. Eventually, he stops running and looks around him. There are before him many paths he can choose. He jogs, because he is now too tired to run, down a corridor lined with old family portraits. At the end of this corridor, he arrives at another ebony door. With hesitation he opens the do... Free Essays on Life's A Journey Free Essays on Life's A Journey Life’s Journey High atop a bare, jagged hillside, and sealed off with rusted gates of iron, lies a decaying and ancient estate that makes many of its neighbors fearful. The hideous statues of demonic creatures look down on the town with frightful eyes. Many townspeople are afraid of this horrifying house, but all will enter. Vie N. Mort, a young, naà ¯ve boy, walks up the mountainside, already leery by nature, and with a feeling of foreboding, and a fear of the unknown, approaches the estate. His heart pounds with every step he takes, and even though his entrance causes a chill to shoot down his back, his curiosity overrides his distrust and fear. The day is beginning, and the bright morning sun provides the estate’s only source of light. As Vie enters, he sees a countless number of corridors. He chooses the first corridor to the left, taking him along what seems to be a mile-long path, lined with books on dusty bookshelves, ending at an ebony door. With some thought, he opens the door, and sees a room as black as the casing he is standing under. Nothing is present in this room save a ray of light which enters in through a bleak, cloudy window. The light shines in the window and illuminates the room. The unfurnished room appears to be endless, stretching beyond Vie’s sight. His fear of this room is unexplainable. His reaction is immediate as he turns and runs from the room, frantically searching for an exit. Vie sprints down the hallway without knowledge of the path he is taking, and soon becomes lost. In his desperate search for escape, time has elapsed and it is now afternoon. Eventually, he stops running and looks around him. There are before him many paths he can choose. He jogs, because he is now too tired to run, down a corridor lined with old family portraits. At the end of this corridor, he arrives at another ebony door. With hesitation he opens the do...

Healthcare Oragnization The Longstreet Clinic Compare other Research Paper

Healthcare Oragnization The Longstreet Clinic Compare other Organizations - Research Paper Example Currently, it remains one of the most-advanced multi-specialty facility in Georgia. In addition, top that, the clinics ranks among the best-top physician group practitioners, as reflected in Atlanta Business Chronicles annual books. TLC set on its operations in 1994, with the merging of a few physicians, who negotiated and reached into an agreement of coming up with a multispecialty clinic that would simply focus on the provision of quality health care to the community. The partnership also came up as a way of cost reduction while maintaining continuous contact with the clients. The first president in TLC, John Browning, puts it â€Å"the purpose was to deliver more efficient and higher quality medical care in a changing environment.† His words are correct. In the recent past, health care systems have undergone a revolution. The societal needs are changing day by day, necessitating the need to have specialized care inn variety of cadres. TLC formation came at the appropriate time and did match the needs of the society. Additionally, most clients desire an area where they can meet a team of specialized professionals who will aid and counsel them, answering every bit of their pleas to their satisfaction. TLC did adopt such a system, incorporating major specialists in their fraternity. TLC came into being after the merging of specialists in Obstetrics-Gynecology and Pediatrics. By 1995, eight other single specialty practices had made an offer to join TLC. The specialists could hence work as a team, assisting the client in diagnosis, management and health education. The patient became the central focus. The specialists did operate in different places to reach out to more people; however, the central administrative location was in Wishbone, Fried Chicken Location. With the increase in the demand of services from their clients and desire to increase the accessibility and availability, they did opt to move to Jesse

Bio-remediation of Oil Spills using Microbes Essay

Bio-remediation of Oil Spills using Microbes - Essay Example Apart from the above, people illegally may dump the pollutants such as the crude oil into the sea. Moreover, terrorists may also cause the oil spills just to destroy the country’s resources. The major victims of the oil spills occurring in the sea would be the aquatic animals and other marine living organisms which include plants under the sea. Thus, cleaning up and recovering from the oil spill are a major tasks and it is mainly based on the factors such as the nature of the oil that is being spilled, the quantity or the amount and the nature of the area being affected. There are different methods for cleaning up the oil spills which ensemble chemical treatment and Bioremediation. Bioremediation is the process of using the microorganisms to break down and remove the pollutants. â€Å"Bioremediation usually involves the use of biological agents to detoxify a contaminated environment† (Thangarajan et al., 2011). Thus, the noxious wastes of the oil spill can be effectivel y treated using microorganisms isolated and selected from the oil-contaminated environments to biodegrade the hydrocarbons in oil spill are a very promising technique for treatment of oil spills. This paper will feature the function of certain species of bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis and their role in Bio-remediation. Biodegradation by natural population of microorganisms can be considered as one of the primary mechanism by which the oil spills which are rich in petroleum hydrocarbons can be eradicated from the environment. The major success of the oil spills bioremediation mainly depends on the nature of the hydrocarbons and one’s ability to maintain and establish the conditions that favors the growth of the microorganisms in the particular contaminated environment. Therefore, the physical and the chemical characteristic of the oil and the oil spill area are the vital determinants in the bioremediation process. Thus, bioremediation encompasses the accelerated biodegradation in a natural way. Bioremediation techniques can be carried out in two different ways namely the in-situ or ex-situ methods. â€Å"In in-situ processes, the biological remediation is conducted at the contaminated site, whereas in ex-situ processes, the contaminated medium is extracted and processed off-site purification facilities.† (Rezende et al, n.d). Thus, bioremediation involves the processes of biostimulation and bioaugmentation. The Phenomenon of biostimulation comprises of addition of nutrients such as nitrogen, potassium and phosphorous and thereby enhancing the growth of the microorganisms through adjusting the environmental conditions such as the temperature, moisture and aeration etc. Thus, most of the bacterial species such as Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Cornybacterium are able to degrade the contaminants effectively under favorable environmental conditions and enriched nutrient supply. (Salami & Elum, 2008). On the other hand, the ot her phenomenon known as the bioaugmentaion where the microorganisms are able to degrade the specific oil spill contaminants namely the hydrocarbons are also being implemented. Therefore, bioremediation can be clearly understood as the phenomenon that exploits the microbial diversity and their metabolic versatility to convert noxious chemical oil spill contami

Beauty in The Bluest Eye Essay Example for Free

Beauty in The Bluest Eye Essay The Bluest Eye is a brilliantly written novel revealing the fictional trauma of an eleven-year-old black girl named Pecola Breedlove. This story takes place in the town of Lorain, Ohio during the 1940’s. It is told from the perspective of a young girl named Claudia MacTeer. She and her sister, Frieda, become witness to the terrible plights Pecola is unintentionally put through. Pecola chooses to hide from her disabling life behind her clouded dream of possessing the ever so cherished â€Å"bluest of eyes†. The Breedlove’s constant bickering and ever growing poverty contributes to the emotional downfall of this little girl. Pecola’s misery is obtained through the touch of her father’s hand and the voice of her community’s struggle with racial separation, anger, and ignorance. Her innocence is harshly ripped from her grasp as her father rapes her limp existence. The community’s anger with it’s own insecurities is taken out on this poor, ugly, black, non-ideal, young girl. She shields herself from this sorrow behind her obsessive plea for blue eyes. But her eyes do not replace the pain of carrying her fleeing father’s baby. Nor do they protect her from the shady eyes of her neighbours. Though this book discuses negative and disturbing situations, it teaches a very positive lesson. The theme of The Bluest Eye is that of depending on outside influences to become aware of one’s own beauty and to fabricate one’s own self image can be extremely damaging. Topic Tracking: Beauty Beauty 1: Claudia is constantly faced with white ideals of beauty. For Christmas one year, she receives a blue-eyed, blonde-haired, pink-skinned doll. Rather than adore the doll, she destroys and dismembers it as a result of her anger. Claudia feels she can never measure up to the beauty of white children, the beauty that all the world reveres. Beauty 2: The Breedloves are poor and ugly. At least that is how they think the world views them. Their beliefs that they are ugly come from white American media always portraying whites as representations of what is beautiful. Because of this, they do not strive for more, for they think that they do not deserve to have more. Beauty 3: Pecola wishes that she had blue eyes. She thinks that if her eyes were blue, and therefore beautiful according to white American standards, then her problems would go away and her life would be beautiful. Then maybe, her classmates and teachers would not despise her and think she was so ugly. She so hates hersel f that she stares at herself in the mirror trying to figure out where her ugliness comes from. Beauty 4: For one year Pecola prays that her eyes will turn blue. She has many problems in her life, starting with family issues, and she thinks that if she had blue eyes, her problems might go away. And even more than that, if she had blue eyes, people would see her as beautiful, and then she would be able to see herself as beautiful too. Being a black little girl in a society that idolizes blonde-haired blue-eyed beauty, Pecola thinks she is ugly. Pecola sympathizes for the dandelions because she knows what it is like to be devalued. She finds beauty in the weeds, for she thinks that people see her as a weed. Beauty 5: A new little girl, named Maureen Peal, comes to Claudia and Friedas school. Maureen is revered for her looks, which people deem beautiful. She has lighter skin and eyes than most of the other children, and everyone adores her because of this. She is looked upon as beautiful because her characteristics are somewhat more white than other black peoples. This causes many to be jealous of her. However, Claudia and Frieda are not jealous. They see through the standards placed on beauty, and if Maureen is what is beautiful, this means that they are not beautiful (according to society). Beauty 6: When the girls are walking home from getting ice cream after school, they pass a movie theater with a picture of Betty Grable on the building. Maureen and Pecola both say that they love Betty Grable, an icon for white American beauty with her blonde hair and blue eyes. However, showing her disdain for such standards placed on beauty, Claudia says that she prefers the actress, Hedy Lamarr, who has dark hair. Beauty 7: In her younger years, Pauline Breedlove occupied herself by going to the movies. It was here that she got her first glimpse into what idealized beauty was. She saw the Hollywood blonde-haired, blue-eyed bombshells as being true representations of beauty. And anything that strayed from these looks, including her own, was seen as not pretty. American society placed their standards of beauty onto the world, and because of this, many people began to realize how far away they were from those standards. Beauty 8: Pecola goes to visit Soaphead Church with the hope that he will be able to fulfill her wish to have blue eyes. She thinks that with blue eyes, all of her problems will disappear and the world will love her because she will be beautiful. The world, seen through blue eyes, will also appear beautiful to Pecola. Beauty 9: Claudia prays that Pecolas baby will survive. She needs the baby to live to counteract societys standards set on beauty, which say that blonde-haired, blue-eyed little girls are all that is pretty. Claudia hopes that with this new black baby people will change and see blackness as something that can be admired and something that is beautiful. Topic Tracking: Culture Culture 1: Mr. Henry moves into Claudia and Friedas house. One day, the girls come home and when they walk in Mr. Henry greets them. He flatters them by telling them they look just like Greta Garbo and Ginger Rogers, two white American female actresses. These two actresses represented American societys ideal beauty, with their blonde hair and blue eyes. They, and other actresses like them, were so idealized by the media that it forced young American girls, both white and black, to question their own beauty if it differed from the standard of blond hair and blue eyes. Culture 2: After seeing the cup with Shirley Temple on it, Claudia explains her ill feelings for her. Shirley Temple was the epitome of what all of America adored in little girls: her bouncy blonde curls and big blue eyes. This sickened Claudia, as she was so different from Shirley Temple and all of the other little girls who looked like Shirley. Culture 3: Claudia tells the story about the doll she received for Christma s one year. This doll was a beautiful doll that had blonde hair, blue eyes, and pink skin. Instead of appreciating the doll like most other children would have done, Claudia dismembered and destroyed the doll. She was sick of having American ideals of beauty placed on her, which said that being white with blonde hair and blue eyes was what was deemed as beautiful. Culture 4: This excerpt from a first grade reading primer describes the perfect white family. Morrison uses these excerpts in many points of the story to illustrate the dichotomy between the ideal white family, and the family of blacks, specifically Pecolas family. The reading book perpetuates the stigma that what is seen as ideal in American culture means having a neat little house, run by two loving parents, with two children, one of which has blonde hair and blue eyes, and a fun loving dog who plays with the children. This social stigma presses on children who are different that are reading these books, and makes them think they are abnormal and unacceptable. Culture 5: The Breedloves are described. They think they are poor and ugly, and it says that much of the reason they think this is because of the white American media. The media, as part of our culture, sets the standards for what defines beauty, and anything straying from these standards is viewed as ugly. Culture 6: Pecola is constantly faced with the standards set on her society by American culture. She cannot even enjoy a piece of candy without feeling that she is different and lacking in some way in terms of beauty. When she goes to eat her Mary Jane candy, she is mesmerized by the little girl of Mary Jane on the cover, a blonde-haired, blue-eyed girl. These cultural pressures of what defines beauty make Pecola aware of just how much she strays from that defined beauty. This eventually leads to her desire for blue eyes, which in turn leads her into madness. Culture 7: When Pecola, Maureen, Claudia and Frieda are walking home from the ice cream shop, they pass a theater with a picture of Betty Grable on it. Young girls are bombarded with American cultures ideals of beauty, such as pictures of famous actresses. Betty Grable in particular, with h er blonde hair and blue eyes, makes Pecola and Maureen want to look like her. However, despite all of their hopes and wishes, they will never be able to look like that, and they are left as the victims of a culture that standardizes and limits young children. Culture 8: During her younger years, Pauline Breedlove spent a lot of time at the movie theater. It was here where she learned American standards of true beauty. Constantly faced with actresses like Jean Harlow, the ultimate Hollywood blonde bombshell, Pauline was forced to examine her own beauty in terms of Harlows. She realized that she did not look anything like Harlow, and based on this, came to the conclusion that she must be ugly. However, her feelings of ugliness were purely based on cultural standards set on her through the medium of Hollywood. Culture 9: Claudia feels the need for Pecolas baby to be alive and healthy. She wants the baby to survive because she wants to counteract the cultural emphasis placed on white girls with blonde hair and blue eyes, exemplified by the types of white baby dolls most children adore (dolls that look like Shirley Temple). If Pecolas baby lives, maybe people can learn to love a black baby and see black as beautiful too. At least this is what Claudia is hoping for. Culture 10: Pecola beats her arms like a bird, and attempts to fly up to the sky. However, she cannot. The reason she cannot is because she has been held back by the culture in which she lives, a culture that values white beauty, and ignores black beauty. It was an inevitable end result that Pecola would never be able to achieve the standards of beauty she wanted to. She was born a black child, and unfortunately, her culture does not accept black beauty. Thus, her dreams would never be fulfilled. And even though she thinks she has blue eyes, the world around her does not recognize her as she wishes to be seen. And because of this, she is driven to madness, caused by the pressures and social standards of her culture.

Conflicts During The 1920s :: essays research papers

Conflicts During the 1920s The contrast between the new and changing attitudes and traditional values was unmistakably present during the 1920's. This clash between the old and the new had many roots and was inevitable. A new sense of awareness washed over minorities in our nation, especially blacks who began to realize that they were entitled to their own subculture, pursuit of success, and share of the American dream. This ideal was expressed by Langston Hughes in "The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain." They were supported by the growing number of young, financially well-to-do liberals who formed the new intelligencia. Each group sought the use of logic and rational reasoning in their rethinking of reevaluation of society's current status. Still, they constituted a minority and their reformist views were not well-taken by the greater part of the population who had become accustomed to a certain way of thinking were not willing to budge, thus keeping the radicals silent. Individualism was also partially suppresse d by the succession of three traditionalist Republican presidents whose partiality to the strong was displayed by their strong backing of big business while discouraging the Labor Union movement. Literature was one medium by which the new intelligencia could express their views on impracticality and injustice of the social system and government in the 1920's. Sinclair Lewis was one such author who used his writing to condemn the stale and outdated ways of thinking that were so widely popular in our nation during the 1920's. In addition to exposing the poor working conditions of most factory labor, particularly the meat-packing industry, he criticized the common man who could not think or act individually in his novel, Babbit, which was published in 1922. His description from the novel of the common man portrayed a person who acted in a manner that was socially acceptable who also strived for success based on society's definition of purchasing material goods. In essence he was a man defined by the society that he lived in. Religion was also a topic of controversy during the twenties. Traditionalists who were usually older and less intelligent than the rising young class of liberal intellectuals were primarily Christian and would only accept literal interpretations of the Bible. The liberals were not so quick to take the Bible at face value and came up their own interpretations. The tension between the old and the new regarding religion was perhaps most obviously prevalent at the Tennessee Evolution Court Case of 1925. In this time of where individual thinking was a rarity, public misconception and ignorance ran abound. People looked to scapegoats to account

Rizal Chapter 22

ZAMBOANGA CITY STATE POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE COLLEGE OF EDUCATION R. T. Lim Boulevard Zamboanga city Name: ___________________________ Date: ______ Year and Section: __________________Score: ______ Midterm Examination in Civil Technology 1 Test 1: Multiple Choice Direction: encircle the letter of the correct answer. 1. This is a kind of saw that is used for ripping purposes a. crosscut saw c. rip saw b. miter sawd. dovetail saw 2. The kind of chisel with a light duty tool used to plane long surfaces parallel with the grain of the wood. a.Paring chiselc. Pocket chisel b. firming chiseld. Mill chisel 3. A chisel with heavy duty tool adopted to withstand severe strain, as in framing work and where deep cuts are necessary. a. pocket chiselc. Paring chisel b. firming chiseld. Mill chisel 4. The kind of saw that is being used for crosscutting purposes. a. miter sawc. Rip saw c. dovetail sawd. Crosscut saw 5. A kind of rough facing tools which is generally used for sharpening stakes and cutting down timber to rough sizes. a. ship adzec. Hatchet b. broadd. Claw hammer 6.The other name for smooth facing tools is? a. driving toolsc. Rough facing tools b. tooth cutting toolsd. Edge cutting tools 7. The plane that consist of 28 to 30 inches long is the? a. jointer planec. Fore plane b. jack paned. Smooth plane 8. A classification of tools that are specially design to make hole in wood. a. tooth cutting toolsc. Smooth cutting tools b. boring tools d. Edge cutting tools 9. It is a kind of plane that is being used for making a sinking cut on wood to make them fit to each other. a. rabbet planec. Grooving plane . fillister planed. Router 10. This is a kind of boring tools which is small and used for punching or piercing small holes. it is generally used in starting a nail or screw into hardwood. a. brad awlc. Auger b. gimletd. Cutter bit Test 11: Modified True or False Direction: Write the word true if the answer is true, and change the underline word of the statement if the answe r is false. Write your answer on the space provided for. 1. Vice is a table tool used to hold a piece of material rigidly secured in place to absorb severe elbows. _____________ 2. Compass is used in dividing distances into equal parts such as an arc and circumference including straight lines. ___________ 3. Scriber is made up of hard ended steel with a sharp point design to mark a fine lines. __________ 4. Clamps is effective in tightly pressing pieces of wood or metal together in making tenon, mortise and other joints. _________ 5. Fillester plane is used in cutting across the wood grain. _________ 6. Claw hammer is a hand tool with head and shank used for turning screws. ________ 7.Wrenches are tools with hand and jaw which may be fitted to the head of the nut used to tighten or loosen the bolts. __________ 8. Oil stone is used after the grinding operation to achieve a smooth and keen edge of the tools. ________ 9. Rough facing tools are also called striking tools. _________ 10. In carpentry we use Level both for guiding and testing the work to a vertical or horizontal position. _________ Test 111: Fill in the blank Direction: Choose the correct answer on the box and write it in the blank.Strength Hardness Durability Cleavability Wood Lumbering Skidding Bucking Board Heart Shakes| 1. The defects in wood that is usually occur at the starting point of the limb or branch Of the wood is called the ___________. 2. The _________ are radial cracks originating at the heart of the logs. 3. We used the term _________ to the operation performed in preparing wood for commercial purposes. . The process of sawing into smaller pieces after the removal of the branches is what we called the _________. 5. Te term ________ means that pieces of logs are moved to an assembly area, loaded to transport equipment then carried out of the forest to a sawmill. 6. As applied to wood, ________ means the ability to resist decay or simply the end of its life under a given condition. 7. T he resistance of the wood to cleavage along the grains is the _________. 8. ________ is expressed as resistance to indentation or to the saw or axe across the grain. . A ________ is a fibrous substance which composes the trunk and branches of a tree that lies between the pitch and the bark. 10. In the preparation of wood, ________ is a piece of lumber less than 1-1/2 inches thick and at least 4 inches wide. Test 1V: Identification Direction: Identify the correct answer to the statement below. 1. ________ the kind of tool used for marking and testing work which has 90 degree angle. 2. ________ is a tool which has a combination of 45 and 90 degree angle. 3. ________ the longer and wider part of the framing square. . ________ this is the shorter and narrower part of the square. 5. ________ the point of the square which the tongue and body meet on the outside edge. 6. ________ is a device used as guide of the handsaw in cutting objects to form a miter joint. 7. ________ a metal tool use d to check or obtain a vertical line. 8. ________ double bevel square used to divide an angle in a complicated work in one setting. 9. ________ a marking tool with round head used for marking rough works. 10. _______ is a kind of marking tool that is used to inscribe an arc or a circle. Rizal Chapter 22 ZAMBOANGA CITY STATE POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE COLLEGE OF EDUCATION R. T. Lim Boulevard Zamboanga city Name: ___________________________ Date: ______ Year and Section: __________________Score: ______ Midterm Examination in Civil Technology 1 Test 1: Multiple Choice Direction: encircle the letter of the correct answer. 1. This is a kind of saw that is used for ripping purposes a. crosscut saw c. rip saw b. miter sawd. dovetail saw 2. The kind of chisel with a light duty tool used to plane long surfaces parallel with the grain of the wood. a.Paring chiselc. Pocket chisel b. firming chiseld. Mill chisel 3. A chisel with heavy duty tool adopted to withstand severe strain, as in framing work and where deep cuts are necessary. a. pocket chiselc. Paring chisel b. firming chiseld. Mill chisel 4. The kind of saw that is being used for crosscutting purposes. a. miter sawc. Rip saw c. dovetail sawd. Crosscut saw 5. A kind of rough facing tools which is generally used for sharpening stakes and cutting down timber to rough sizes. a. ship adzec. Hatchet b. broadd. Claw hammer 6.The other name for smooth facing tools is? a. driving toolsc. Rough facing tools b. tooth cutting toolsd. Edge cutting tools 7. The plane that consist of 28 to 30 inches long is the? a. jointer planec. Fore plane b. jack paned. Smooth plane 8. A classification of tools that are specially design to make hole in wood. a. tooth cutting toolsc. Smooth cutting tools b. boring tools d. Edge cutting tools 9. It is a kind of plane that is being used for making a sinking cut on wood to make them fit to each other. a. rabbet planec. Grooving plane . fillister planed. Router 10. This is a kind of boring tools which is small and used for punching or piercing small holes. it is generally used in starting a nail or screw into hardwood. a. brad awlc. Auger b. gimletd. Cutter bit Test 11: Modified True or False Direction: Write the word true if the answer is true, and change the underline word of the statement if the answe r is false. Write your answer on the space provided for. 1. Vice is a table tool used to hold a piece of material rigidly secured in place to absorb severe elbows. _____________ 2. Compass is used in dividing distances into equal parts such as an arc and circumference including straight lines. ___________ 3. Scriber is made up of hard ended steel with a sharp point design to mark a fine lines. __________ 4. Clamps is effective in tightly pressing pieces of wood or metal together in making tenon, mortise and other joints. _________ 5. Fillester plane is used in cutting across the wood grain. _________ 6. Claw hammer is a hand tool with head and shank used for turning screws. ________ 7.Wrenches are tools with hand and jaw which may be fitted to the head of the nut used to tighten or loosen the bolts. __________ 8. Oil stone is used after the grinding operation to achieve a smooth and keen edge of the tools. ________ 9. Rough facing tools are also called striking tools. _________ 10. In carpentry we use Level both for guiding and testing the work to a vertical or horizontal position. _________ Test 111: Fill in the blank Direction: Choose the correct answer on the box and write it in the blank.Strength Hardness Durability Cleavability Wood Lumbering Skidding Bucking Board Heart Shakes| 1. The defects in wood that is usually occur at the starting point of the limb or branch Of the wood is called the ___________. 2. The _________ are radial cracks originating at the heart of the logs. 3. We used the term _________ to the operation performed in preparing wood for commercial purposes. . The process of sawing into smaller pieces after the removal of the branches is what we called the _________. 5. Te term ________ means that pieces of logs are moved to an assembly area, loaded to transport equipment then carried out of the forest to a sawmill. 6. As applied to wood, ________ means the ability to resist decay or simply the end of its life under a given condition. 7. T he resistance of the wood to cleavage along the grains is the _________. 8. ________ is expressed as resistance to indentation or to the saw or axe across the grain. . A ________ is a fibrous substance which composes the trunk and branches of a tree that lies between the pitch and the bark. 10. In the preparation of wood, ________ is a piece of lumber less than 1-1/2 inches thick and at least 4 inches wide. Test 1V: Identification Direction: Identify the correct answer to the statement below. 1. ________ the kind of tool used for marking and testing work which has 90 degree angle. 2. ________ is a tool which has a combination of 45 and 90 degree angle. 3. ________ the longer and wider part of the framing square. . ________ this is the shorter and narrower part of the square. 5. ________ the point of the square which the tongue and body meet on the outside edge. 6. ________ is a device used as guide of the handsaw in cutting objects to form a miter joint. 7. ________ a metal tool use d to check or obtain a vertical line. 8. ________ double bevel square used to divide an angle in a complicated work in one setting. 9. ________ a marking tool with round head used for marking rough works. 10. _______ is a kind of marking tool that is used to inscribe an arc or a circle.

Breastfeeding vs Formla Feeding Essay

Parents-to-be have a lot of things on their plate. One of those many things that parents should worry about is what their child is going to consume. The choice to either breastfeed or formula feed should be the main thing on an expectant mother’s mind far before the baby is born. The nutrition a baby takes in from milk for the first year of life is very valuable for a baby’s growth and health. The choice of breastfeeding or formula feeding should be looked at and thought about deeply before deciding a nutritional plan that will alter a child’s life forever. Furthermore, these choices will also affect the parent’s life. The main aspiration for this essay is to contrast the health benefits, cost, and convenience of breastfeeding as opposed to formula feeding. The first important difference between breast and formula feeding is the health benefits. Every time a healthy woman breastfeeds her baby, she is passing on natural antibodies and vitamins that has been known to keep the baby healthy and strengthen the newborn’s immune system. The immune system assists in fighting most infections and diseases that new babies may be susceptible to, such as ear infections, respiratory infections, diarrhea, and the common cold. Some of the illnesses are more serious and could cause sudden infant death syndrome, mainly whooping cough, meningitis, leukemia and other devastating cancers. Breastfeeding can help in the prevention and reduction of risk in developing diabetes, asthma, and allergies later in life. Formula milk, however, lacks all the natural antibodies that newborns need to strengthen an infant’s non-existent immune system to help fight off infection and illnesses. Formula milk is primarily a source of nutrition and does not contribute to the development of a newborn’s immune system. Shelby Medico 05/28/12 The second difference between breastfeeding and formula feeding is the cost. Breastfeeding is a smart choice because not only is it free, but it saves money. Instead of wasting money on manufactured milk, mothers can take advantage of the free milk produced by Mother Nature. Parents can use money saved by breastfeeding and use it toward other important items newborns need. On the other hand, formula is very expensive and the price of formula adds up. As a baby grows, the parents will have to keep up with the baby’s expanding appetite; therefore, parents will eventually find themselves spending double the amount of money on formula. Formula fed babies also will not be receiving the proper antibodies to help prevent the illnesses that lead to trips to the doctor’s office. Doctor appointments are expensive, not to mention the time off work a parent may have to take to care for a sick child. The final difference between breastfeeding and formula feeding is convenience. Convenience is the key to make feeding a baby an easier task for the parents. Breastfeeding is very convenient because it is always available day and night whenever the baby is hungry. When a mother plans to run errands or simply to go out to eat for lunch with her baby, she will not have to pack anything for the baby to eat. Another convenience of breastfeeding is that it is not necessary to prepare milk and warm bottles in the middle of the night for the half-asleep midnight feedings. Parents of formula fed babies, however, have to spend extra time boiling water to prepare the formula and sterilizing the bottles before the baby can eat. Parents also have to be cautious about warming bottles to make sure the formula milk is not too hot for the baby’s sensitive mouth. Extra inconvenient tasks that have to be done before feeding a hungry, impatient baby can be very frustrating. In conclusion, considering the health benefits, cost, and convenience of breastfeeding, it would be the most logical choice to better a new family’s life.

Uranium essays

Uranium essays Uranium was first discovered by Martin Klaproth in 1789. Although he discovered it in a compound, he named it Uranium after the planet Uranus. It was later found in its pure form by Eugene Peligot in 1841. It can be found in ores of pitchblende, carnote, and torbernite. With an atomic number of 92 and an atomic weight of 238.0289 grams and a density of 18.7,which is 19 times heavier than water, uranium is the heaviest natural element. It can be found on the Period Table in the actinoid group with the symbol "U". Uranium is radioactive element that combines easily with other elements. With a melting point of 1405.3K and boiling point of 4200K, uranium can be easily shaped at high temperatures, and is fissionable. It has a color of silver white to steel gray. The crystal form is orthorhombic. Although uranium can be found almost anywhere, it can be found in over 100 different ores, but finding uranium in plentiful sources is very rare. Main sources are in the United States, Canada, South Africa, France, East Germany, Australia, Czechoslovakia, Zaire, Niger, Gabon, and Namibia. Uranium is found by either using one of two devices that pick up radioactivity, the Geiger-Muller counter, or the scintillation counter, which is more sensitive than the Geiger counter. Traces of uranium is found in humans. Over the years, scientists have found that uranium also can be in crustal rock, sea water, and in carbonaceous meteorites. Uranium was first used as nuclear fuel in 1942. It's used to make plutonium, which has been used in nuclear weapons, such as the atomic bomb and other warheads. It is used in the making of special chemicals and electonic parts. Also small amounts of uranium are used to produce radioactive isotopes that are used in the medical, industrial, and research fields. ...

Definition Essay Topics Top 15 Best Essay Topics and Ideas of 2017

Definition Essay Topics Top 15 Best Essay Topics and Ideas of 2017 Definition essay explains the meaning of a word or a concept. Its just like explaining a new concept to your friend or acquaintance, with the only difference that its being done in writing. Generally, there is nothing easier than coming up with a definition essay topic all you need to do is pick a concept and try to explain it. While attempting to define or explain a concept, you need to remember that concrete (real world) concepts are a lot easier to explain than abstract ones. Conversely, abstract notions are a lot harder to explain. If you are assigned to write a definition essay, read: How to Write a Definition Essay Here is a list of free definition topics that can be used to practice a definition  essay writing. Definition Essay Topics List 1. Define the meaning of friendship, love, hatred etc. 2. Explain what buoyancy means. 3. Define the meaning of onomatopoeia, assonance, alliteration. 4. Explain the term Thatcherism. 5. Explain the term phase as it relates to homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. 6. Define the meaning of confidentiality. 7. Define the phenomenon of convergence. 8. Define the concept of influence peddling. 9. Define the concept of culture. 10. Define the term surface tension. 11. Is killing animals humanely? 12. Are carnivorous cannibals? 13. Is acting the same as pretending? 14. Is graffiti really art? 15. Are bananas fruit? There also exists a mix of the definition and argument essay topics. You will need to argue that something should or shouldnt be defined in a certain way. The basic formula for such argument of a definition essay is: Something is/isnt something else or X is/isnt Y. While explaining a given concept you should bear in mind that your actual explanation will vary depending on the academic level you are writing at. For example, if sixth-grade students were asked to explain what friendship is, their essay would most likely start out with Friendship is when†¦Ã¢â‚¬  or simply: It is when†¦ While this verbiage may be ok for a junior school, it is outrageously inappropriate to use it during college years. You need to take into account the level you are expected to perform at and make sure your writing matches those expectations, otherwise youre in trouble. Looking for the definition essay example? Here  are 2 sample definition essays written by our writers: Definition Essay Examples If you need any assistance writing your definition essay, please feel free to contact our support staff and they will guide you through the entire process, ensuring you have learned to cope with this kind of assignment effectively. Place an order to get an instant quote.

Case analysis-Boeing Vs Airbus case, international business strategy Essay

Case analysis-Boeing Vs Airbus case, international business strategy - Essay Example It was claimed by Airbus that, â€Å"both the Boeing and the McDonnell Douglas have been benefited for years from the hidden U.S. government subsidies†. This merger was a horizontal merger between the Boeing and the McDonnell Douglas. By the term horizontal merger it can be understood that the merger is occurring between the companies that produces similar goods and services. This kind of merger basically takes place when larger companies attempt to create more efficient economies of scale (Investopedia, 2010). It is evident from the case study that the performance of the McDonnell Douglas had been very poor which would have forced it to exit from the commercial aircraft business. According to the analyst â€Å"the merger with the Boeing merely accelerated the process. Because the merger would reduce the number of players in the commercial aerospace industry from three to two, it was expected that the antitrust authorities would review the merger†. Both the Airbus and the Boeing have received under the terms of joint agreement, various government aids in order to develop the large aircraft like Airbus A380 and Boeing 787. The US had made a complaint against the loans that was granted to Airbus since Boeing had not received any such kinds of aids. According to the experts of the aviation industry, by this kind of complaint the US were actually trying to prevent the EU from granting any further launch aids to the Airbus for the development of the A350. This would also help the US manufacturer Boeing to strengthen their position in the United States. In response to the complaint made by the United States aircraft makers like the Boeing against the Airbus, the EU also filed a case against the US for unlawful subsidization of the Boeing. Therefore, this seems to be the major problem as analyzed from the case study which needs proper attention (Haak & Bruggemann, 2010). Another key

General Equilibrium and welfare economies Essay

General Equilibrium and welfare economies - Essay Example A deductive structure that tolerates a contradiction does so under the penalty of being useless since any statement can be derived flawlessly and immediately from that contradiction. In its mathematical form, economic theory is open to an efficient scrutiny for logical errors." We will try to be coherent, and we will do our best to avoid any contradiction when speaking about General Equilibrium and Welfare Economics. It is easy to get confused with these microeconomic models, so we will deal with them using simple and logical words. The most important thing is to understand those models and to apply the knowledge in our everyday life as much as possible. Microeconomics is defined by the Wikipedia (2005d) as "the study of the economic behaviour of individual consumers, firms, and industries and the distribution of production and income among them. It considers individuals both as suppliers of labour and capital and as the ultimate consumers of the final product. It analyzes firms both as suppliers of products and as consumers of labour and capital." It is necessary to understand this simple definition to apply that knowledge to General Equilibrium and Welfare Economics. ... Harberger (2002) speaks about the importance of Microeconomics as follows: "The strength of microeconomics comes from the simplicity of its underlying structure and its close touch with the real world. In a nutshell, microeconomics has to do with supply and demand, and with the way they interact in various markets." In microeconomic theory, the partial equilibrium supply and demand economic model was originally conceived by Alfred Marshall when he tried to explain changes in the price and quantity of goods sold in competitive markets. This microeconomic model just deals with an imperfectly competitive market. It has its foundation in the theories used by some economists before Marshall like Adam Smith, and it is one of the most fundamental models of economic schools in the present time, widely used as a basic building block for many other economic models. The theory of supply and demand is important for understanding a market economy as it is an explanation of the mechanism by which many economic decisions are made. Nevertheless, unlike General Equilibrium models, the supply and demand theory offers a partial equilibrium model fixed by unexplained forces. (Wikipedia, 2005d). The theory of supply and demand frequently considers that markets are perfectly competitive. This means that there are many buyers and sellers in the market. It also means that none of them have the capacity to influence the price of the good. In real life, this assumption usually fails because some economic agents have the ability to influence prices. (Wikipedia, 2005d). Wikipedia, 2005h In Microeconomics we say that the market "clears" at the point where the supply and demand find a balance at a given price. It means that the amount of a commodity at a given price equals the

Why we crave horror movies, by Stephen King Essay

Why we crave horror movies, by Stephen King - Essay Example It is a long held belief that only abnormal people can get joy and happiness by watching horror movies. People try to display this belief by reacting with horror at whatever gory happens in the horror movies. Hence, King is right when he argues that horror movies are conservative and reactionary as the horror movies show only those things that are acceptable to human limits of goriness and by doing that, prevents the social approach towards horror from changing. Movies as conservative and reactionary King says that horror movies are conservative as they help people to confirm to themselves and to the world that they are ‘normal’ people as they fear and loath things that horror movies show. According to him, horror movies limit their goriness and ugliness by showing only those things which can be digested by human mind. In doing so, horror movies conform to the social expectations and hence, they remain conservative. King also says that horror movies are reactionary as th ey help people to avoid social change. By that he means that people avoid the social change by refusing to accept their attraction towards the antisocial and gory aspects of their mind. The fact remains that despite of knowing that horror movies are about gory violence, evil spirits, sinister vengeance etc., people still choose to watch the movie. If they had really felt repulsive towards the ugly, gory, violent and disgusting things in life, they would have chosen not to watch the horror movies, which are full of these things. However, horror movies provide only that which can be accepted by the society. Hence, King says that horror movies are reactionary as they oppose social change and reinforces the attitude of ‘normality’ in people. Role of horror movies People find an outlet to their suppressed emotions and antisocial emotions through the horror movie. Their desire to kill, beat, tear apart or bite the hated person is fulfilled through the gory scenes in the horro r movies. Horror movies also work as a representation of human desire to know the deeper aspects of human psyche and the universe. Horror movies serve as a path to the dark side of human mind. People who make horror movies are not machines. They are human beings and part of human society. It is obvious that whatever is shown in the horror movies are the things that they have imagined and thought about. The fact is that the gory, sinister and evil things interest and appeal to the human mind. However, in their waking state and to remain ‘normal’, people push these things to the unconscious. For example, the ideas of ghosts, vengeance after death, exorcism, possession by evil spirit etc., have always appealed to human minds. Sadly, they do not approve these things. They say that these are all imaginations and myths. However, innately they are still curious about it and feel that these can be true. Their fear of darkness, fear of closed rooms, fear of heights etc., show th at human beings do believe in the existence of ghosts and paranormal. However, their rational mind demands proof and scientific approach. Hence, they do not express their curiosity about the paranormal openly. However, their thirst to know the unknown and their excitement is fulfilled through the horror movies. Horror movies serve the craving to know what happens if there are ghosts or devils or evil spirits. They serve the antisocial aspects of the society and hence, also give an outlet to the abnormal and antisocial emotions suppressed inside the unconscious. By doing so horror movies serve the society as it saves people from exploding their emotions in the society. There are

Wine project Essay Example for Free

Wine project Essay Valais is known for its exceptional climate, whereby the mountains stop most of the rainfall, but create ‘foehn’ winds which assists in the late autumn months with the essential ripening process of late varieties of grapes. Almost continuous sunshine for most of the year attributes to hot and dry summers, while winters can be cold and snowy, even on the lower levels of the valley, yet the frost, which is usually the worst enemy of winegrowers, is rare, as the seasons change gradually, not abruptly. Soil Composition Light, well-aerated soil, poor in clay. This warms up rapidly in sunshine but does not retain water very well. The soil composition varies from plot to plot, diversity due to the geological upheavals, which occurred in this region. Type of wine Rose wine Character of the wine Dry, full bodied, typical flinty taste Food harmony (2 dishes) Seared cod with red wine sauce, Sautà ©ed chicken with wild mushroom. Commercial argumentation This beautiful Pinot Noir opens up with very aromatic flavors. It is essential summer wines, easy to drink fresh and fruity. It has a lovely red fruit aromas with the smooth end. Cost sale price 2009 Dà ´le Blanche, Charrat, Verteys Price: 14 Chf. References: Swiss Wine Growers Association. (1994). All About Swiss Wine. Geneva: OFD Communications. artisan-vigneron.ch. (n.d.) Retrieved February 26, 2013, from http://www.artisan-vigneron.ch/vins.html Chà ¢teau Brane-Cantenac Appellation Chà ¢teau Brane-Cantenac Country France Region Bordeaux Sub Region Margaux Village Margaux Estate Vineyard/ Grand cru Brane Cantenac Grape(s) Variety(ies) Cabernet Sauvignon 65%, Merlot 30%, Cabernet Franc 5% Climate conditions Bordeaux has a warm summer and long mile autumns, but suffers plenty of rainfall. In vineyard terms, it is a marginal climate, where grapes need a good site and a good year to ripen fully. Soil Composition Deep gravel from the quaternary era, with white gravel, sand and less clay. Type of wine Bordeaux-style red blend Character of the wine The wine has leafy, blackcurrant aromas a flavorsome but light wine for the vintage. Food harmony (2 dishes) Ratatouille, Roast duck with fig and orange sauce. Commercial argumentation A gorgeous deepest violet color by far that is made from world- quality grapes; Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Cabernet Franc. It will deliver wines of charm and fine texture rather than brute power. It is blend in Bordeaux style, but don’t lack of attentiveness and structure. The wine is aged for eighteen months with the love and care from the wine maker. This wine could be considered as the most sophisticated as the wine is built in a long hue, and still very much on the way to go further. Cost sale price 1988 Chateau Brane-Cantenac, Margaux, France Price Range of 750ml bottle, ex-tax in CHF Average: 85CHF   Ã‚  From: 55CHF   Ã‚  To 120CHF References: Crook, S. (2009). The complete Bordeaux. Great Britain, Octopus publishing group. Wine-searcher.com. (n.d.) Retrived February 26, 2013, from http://www.wine-%09searcher.com/wine-8-1988-chateau-brane-cantenac-margaux-france Chambertin Appellation Chambertin Country France Region Burgundy Sub Region Cà ´te de Nuit Village Gevery-Chambertin Estate Vineyard/ Grand cru Gevery-Chambertin Grand Cru Grape(s) Variety(ies) Pinot Noir Climate conditions Relatively hot, dry summers and cool, crisp winters. Particularly in summer, this climate type brings high diurnal temperature variation, which helps to maintain a balance between natural sugars and acidity in the wines. Soil Composition The soil varies depending on how high up the hillside the vineyard is located. The primary component is limestone, mixed with some clay and flint. The amount of clay decreases in site higher up the hill Type of wine Red wine Character of the wine Chambertin is full, firm and austere at the outset and structured and fleshy, with initial flavor of black fruits, liquorice and coffee beans, mellowing into something rich, concentrated, generous and warm-hearted when they mature. Food harmony (2 dishes) Beef wellington, Cheese soufflà © Commercial argumentation The most prestigious and luxury wine produced from Burgundy, France with the deep colored, full body, smooth and very complex red wine from the world famous Pinot Noir. The wine is made at the northern end of the Cà ´te d’Or, with the rich of soil and perfect amount of sun, these factors render Chambertin to be named as â€Å"King of Wines†. It offers a strong and rigid structure with the hints of black berries fruits, and coffee beans, blended together until reached the top of quality. Chambertin is full of flavor and powerful in aromas that will definitely deliver the pleasure to anyone who taste it. Cost sale price 1988 Domaine Armand Rousseau Pere et Fils Chambertin Grand Cru, Cote de Nuits, France: Price Range of 750ml bottle, ex-tax in CHF Average: 1,083CHF   Ã‚  From: 885CHF   Ã‚  To 1,362CHF References: Anderson, P.J., (2012). About wine. USA, Curio Press. Coates, C., (2008). The wine of Burgundy. University of California Press Wine-search.com. (n.d.) Retrieved February 26, 2013, from http://www.wine-searcher.com/wine-37013-1988-domaine-armand-rousseau-pere-et-fils-chambertin-grand-cru-cote-de-nuits-france Laurent Perrier â€Å"Alaxandra rosà ©Ã¢â‚¬  Appellation Laurent Perrier â€Å"Alaxandra rosà ©Ã¢â‚¬ / Champagne Country France Region Champagne Sub Region NA Village NA Estate Vineyard/ Grand cru Laurent Perrier Grape(s) Variety(ies) Pinot Noir 80%, Chardonnay 20% Climate conditions Champagne is a cold place, at the northern climatic limit of grape growing, a factor that leaves the grapes with low tannins but a particularly fine varietal aroma. Sometimes July and August will be hot, and occasionally September and October will be warm. Soil Composition The prominent soil type is chalk, though this is not always visible in the surface Type of wine Champagne, rosà © Character of the wine A pale salmon pink with an orange tinge. Complex and powerful, the first aromas are reminiscent of strawberry jam. These are followed by floral notes such as rose petal. Lively and crisp, with dominant flavors of red berry fruit such as wild strawberries. Full-bodied, with a velvety texture and a finale showing hints of dried apricots and orange peel. Food harmony (2 dishes) Duck in bilberry sauce, Green salad with Caviar and smoked salad Commercial argumentation A lively rosà © champagne from the world famous Pinot Noir blended with another well-known Chadonnay in a perfect combination. Laurent Perrier â€Å"Alaxandra rosà ©Ã¢â‚¬  reached the top quality to be one of the best rosà © champagnes in the world. The wine offers the flavor of red berries and wild strawberry with the hints of dried apricots and orange zest. It has kept its freshness while building the element of toasty and maturity which renders the taste to be crips, and powerful in aromas. The full-bodied, elegant champagne with a smooth texture and a complex finish will never disappoint anyone. Cost sale price 2004 Laurent-Perrier Grand Siecle Alexandra Rose Millesime, Prestige Cuvee Champagne, France: Price Range of 750ml bottle, ex-tax in CHF†¨Average: 275CHF   Ã‚  From: 275CHF   Ã‚  To 276CHF References: Kolpan, S., Smith B.H., Weiss M. A., (2010). Exploring wine. USA. Willey Press. Wine-searcher.com. (n.d.) Retrieved February 26, 2013, from http://www.wine-searcher.com/wine-16145-2004-laurent-perrier-grand-siecle-alexandra-rose-millesime-prestige-cuvee-champagne-france Lauren-perrier.com. (n.d.) Retrieved February 26, 2013, from http://www.laurent-perrier.com Mondavi private selection Meritage Appellation Monterey County Country USA Region California Sub Region Central coast Village NA Estate Vineyard/ Grand cru NA Grape(s) Variety(ies) 72% Cabernet Sauvignon, 11% Petit Verdot, 8% Malbec, 7% Cabernet Franc, 2% Merlot Climate conditions The 2008 growing season on California’s Central Coast was one of great variety. Flowering was on the late side due to winter drought and a strong frost in late March. Summer temperatures were inconsistent, alternating between cool and excessively hot. Soil Composition Sandy, well-drained soil Type of wine Red wine Character of the wine The wine offers lavish dark plum, black cherry, and blackberry aromas along with a velvety texture and succulent mid-palate flavors. Its finish is impressively long and enhanced by well- integrated tannins. Food harmony (2 dishes) Grilled rib eye with garlic butter, Osso Bucco Commercial argumentation With the brilliant invention of Robert Mondavi, he created the wine with Bordeux style and presented it into a very nice wine. The wine is an amazingly rich with the dark plum color, yet tasteful and easy to drink. It consists of five different Bordeaux red varieties; Cabernet Sauvignon, Petit Verdot, Malbec, Cabernet Franc, and Merlot that were blended in the perfect combination until reaching the same quality as Bordeaux wines. Cost sale price 2008 Robert Mondavi Winery Private Selection Meritage, California, USA Price Range of 750ml bottle, ex-tax in CHF†¨Average: 10CHF   Ã‚  From: 7CHF   Ã‚  To 13CHF References: Kolpan, S., Smith B.H., Weiss M. A., (2010). Exploring wine. USA. Willey Press. Robertmodavi.com. (n.d.) Retrieved February 26, 2013 from http://www.robertmondavi.com/rmps/wines/our_wines/meritage/ Wine-searcher.com. (r.d.) Retrieved February 26, 2013 from http://www.wine-searcher.com/wine-77785-2008-robert-mondavi-winery-private-selection-meritage-california-usa

Plagiarism: Students Are Not To Blame Essay -- Critical Thinking Essays

Is plagiarism really occurring on college campuses? Should it be considered a serious offense? Do the students who plagiarize know that what they are doing is wrong? These are some of the questions that Edward M. White discusses in his essay â€Å"Student Plagiarism as an Institutional and Social Issue.† Being a professor himself, White sees firsthand the occurrence of cheating on college campuses. He claims that blatant plagiarism â€Å"subverts the very nature of education and reflects some aspects of what is worst in American society† because it is morally wrong (202). The backing for his claim is the fact that plagiarizing is stealing someone else’s words. Thus he warrants that anything morally wrong undermines education and shows the worst side of our society. There are many instances in which it is completely clear that the student is knowingly plagiarizing. There are also instances in which the student may be confused about plagiarism. This essay discusses the fact that student plagiarism is rampant on college campuses, but the blame may not lie entirely with the students. In his essay, White claims that the amount of student plagiarism is shocking, but the teachers need to make sure that students have been taught about citing sources. Many professors automatically assume that students have been taught everything they need to know for the class beforehand. If the students were supposed to learn something in a previous class they may have a good reason not to know it. The teacher may not have gotten through all the material or may have missed something. The student may have been sick and missed a day. Another reason teachers need to be held accountable for a small part in student plagiarism is because many ... ...not wholly be the students’ fault. This may make the readers who think the students are out of control reconsider their beliefs. Some people may not have thought about students who have not been taught any better. They might automatically think the worst of the students. White has valid claims and reasons in his essay. He uses logos, ethos, and pathos well. This essay appeals to colleges and universities all over the United States. Most, if not all, colleges have problems with plagiarism on campus. One thing to be learned from White’s essay is that â€Å"plagiarism is outrageous because it reverses education itself† (207). Colleges and universities need to â€Å"make academic honesty not only the best but the only possible policy† (White 206). Both faculty and students need to work together to rid these institutions of such immoral behavior as plagiarism.

Hrm and Technology

1. 0 Introduction In today’s rapidly changing business world, the need has arisen to harness the resources to its optimum use in order to gain success in the business arena. Technology plays a vital role as this applies to the most valuable resource of Human resource too. Technology has greatly influenced the transformation from traditional and personal management to a more strategic human resource management approach. The ongoing technology improvement has paved the way for quick access to obtain the preferred resource regardless of geographical and environmental barriers. The extent of technology use across various activities of HRM, especially in recruiting and selection covers from advertising positions, receiving applications, initial screening to final section. This particular search can be for entry level, middle level and high level position as appropriate, according to the external and internal factors of an organization. Huge cost reductions in HR have also been experienced through technology application, while, they have also led to adverse impacts such as redundancies and lay-offs. Communication development technology contributes furthermore, from the recruitment process to career development process through training and development, and creates resource personnel in the organization. Computer based testing leads to unbiased selections, arbitrating to effective and efficient Human Resource Management. Access to Human Resource Information systems (HRIS) has also helped to automate most of the functions of HRM to a greater extent and allows the HR activities to run in a less cumbersome and efficient manner. This report further outlines the adoption of virtual work and outsourcing as a result of modern technological evolution, and the benefits and impacts that technology has embraced towards Human Resource Management. 2. 0 DISCUSSION 2. 0 What is Human Resource Management? According to Samson & Daft, â€Å"Human resource management refers to the activities undertaken to attract, develop and maintain an effective workforce within an organization†. In other words HRM is the function dealing with managing people within the employer – employee relationship (Stone, 2005). HRM function involves the productive use of people in achieving the organisation’s strategic business objectives and the satisfaction of individual employee needs. HRM is closely related to other management aspects, as its main objective is to improve the productive contribution of people. Human Resources Management encompasses a wide range of activities inclusive of identifying and deciding on staffing needs, hiring, recruiting and training the most suitable employees, ensuring and evaluating their performance, , and ensuring that the personnel and management practices conform to various regulations. It also includes activities relating to managing approaches for employee issues such as benefits and compensation, safety, employee records and personnel policies. (Snell & Sherman, 2004). Human Resource managers plan, administer and review activities relating to staff selection, training and development, conditions of employment and other human resource issues within organizations (Peters, 2004). 3. 0 Objectives of using Technology in HRM The study of HRM describes what human resource managers do and what they should do. While there are many definitions of HRM, its primary purpose is to improve the productive contribution of people within an organization. Until the last few years the discipline was known as personnel  management. (Eddie & Smith, 2004). Now the term ‘human resource management' is increasingly used in recognition of the importance of an organization’s workforce in contributing to the goals of that organization. Today's human resource issues are enormous and appear to be ever expanding. The human resource manager faces a multitude of problems ranging from a constantly changing workforce to coping with ever increasing government rules and regulations. Because of the critical nature of human resource concerns, they are receiving increased attention from upper levels of management. It used to be rare to see job advertisements for human resource managers. Now such advertisements are very common and encompass significant organizational responsibilities. People are the common element in every organization. From an organization’s perspective, its staff is its human resources. It is people like you who produce the goods and services that create wealth. It is these goods and services that contribute to our standard of living. (Collins, 2005). There are many challenges facing organizations today. The better our organizations work, the easier it is for society to meet the present and future threats and opportunities. It can be said that the central challenge we face in society is to continually improve the performance of our organizations in both the private and public sectors. Part of this improvement will come from organizations becoming more efficient and effective. This requires the effective management in these organizations. 4. 0 Technology in the modern business An Organization’s Technology is the process by which inputs from an organizations environment are transformed into outputs. This model integrates organizational  level technology research with human resource management strategies. (Robert, Mathis, John Harold 2006). The model relates dimensions of technical processes to human  resource practices, focusing on practices used to develop employees. These relationships are mediated by the type of skills employees  use. An empirical study of 139 employees found support for two  hypotheses developed from the model. Results suggested that  technology and HRM activities are connected through the level  of cognitive skill complexity and the amount of support employees  receive in developing new skills. Due to changes in the way  decisions are made in organizations today (for example, making  more decisions at lower levels) the connection between the work  process, the skills employees need, and the emphasis on developing  employees will become increasingly important. 5. Impact of Technology in HRM The technology has radically changed the way employees and managers access human resource data, and the use of online HR solutions has expanded rapidly over the past year. (Collins, 2005). Self-service and online tools have become important in the continuing effort to improve the management of HR functions and to drive competitive advantage, the survey found. â€Å"As the lines blur between HR data and that used by the rest of the enterprise, organizations find it makes sense to consolidate all employee data using a corporate portal. The importance of HR self-service is increasing, especially those applications that improve employee performance. â€Å"We're seeing the strongest growth among applications focused on managing and enhancing worker skills and productivity–no surprise given that up to 70 percent of an enterprise's expenses are people-related. _New skills required: As new technologies are developed and implemented, there is an Urgent need to upgrade existing employee skills and knowledge if the organization wants to survive and flourish in a competitive world. Additionally there will be growing demand for workers with more sophisticated training and skills especially in emerging ‘hot’ sectors like telecommunications, hospitality, retailing, banking, insurance, biotechnology and financial services. For example, services. For example, service sector employee requires different skills than those utilized in manufacturing. (Peters, 2004). They need strong interpersonal and communication skills as well as the ability to handle customer complaints in a flexible way. _ Downsizing: New Technologies have decimated many lower end jobs with frustrating regularity. Increased automation has reduced employee head counts everywhere. The pressure to remain cost effective has also compelled many a firm to go lean, cutting down extra fat at each managerial level. The wave of merger and acquisition activity, in recent A time has often left the new, combined companies to downsize operations ruthlessly. The Positions that have been filled up with workers possessing superior technical skills and Knowledge has also tilted the poser base ( in many emerging industries) from management to technical workers. It is not uncommon today for managers to have limited understanding of the technical aspects of their subordinates’ work. Managing the expectations of knowledge workers is going be major area of concern for all HR Managers in the years ahead. (Akin, Norton, Peg, 2004) _ Collaborative work: Technological change has resulted in hierarchical distinctions being blurred and more collaborative teamwork where managers, technicians and analysts work together on projects. Team based incentive plans have also made it necessary for all classes of employees to work in close coordination with each other. Telecommuting: The rapid advances in technology have led to the relocation of work from the office to the home. Telecommuting has become the order of the day where employees work at home, usually with computers and use phoned and the Internet to transmit letters, data and completed work to the home office. Companies have been able to increase their applicant pool through this mode and empl oyees have also been able to live further away from cities and gain considerably due to savings in rents, transportation etc. _ Internet and intranet revolution: Internet and information technology have enabled companies to become more competitive by cutting costs. Manufacturers, bank, retailers, and you name anything have successfully harnessed computer technology to reduce their costs and deliver want satisfying goods and services to customers at an amazing speed. Even in HR, internets and intranets are being used to handle training, benefit administration, performance management and out placement functions, in recent times. (Peters, 2004). The cumulative impact of new technology is so dramatic that at a broader level, organizations are changing the way they do business. Use of the internet to transact business has become so commonplace for both large and small companies that e-commerce is rapidly becoming the organizational challenge of the new millennium. Managing virtual corporations and virtual workers in this technology driven world is going to pose tough challenges for HR Managers in the years ahead. _ Role of HR in a virtual organization: A virtual organization is network of companies or employees connected by computers. Virtual workers work from home, hostel, their cars, or wherever their work takes them. The human resources function plays a unique role in a virtual organization: i. Psychological fit: The lack of face-to-face interaction in virtual organization, virtually compels HR professionals to determine the psychological fit between different units initially. (Collins, 2005). ii. System alignment: Given the lack of physical proximity, it becomes even more critical that the organization’s mission, vision and measures be aligned and that all parties are familiar with these issues, the HR function can play an important role in this task. iii. Reconsider rewards: In a virtual unit. Very few permanent exit. In many cases, the organization will be staffed with workers having different motivational forces. So rewarding each entity in an effective way becomes an important job. iv. Reconsider staffing needs: In a virtual organization, most employees work on a contractual basis. Finding people with requisite skills, a knowledge and motivation level becomes an important activity. v. Build partnerships: Virtual, teams have to be built from scratch paying attention to their unique requirements. The concept of employment needs to be replaced by the concept of ‘partnership’ especially when most tend to work independently away from the permanent employees or owners of the organization. vi. Develop leaders: Leaders become the major forces for building trust, creating a mission and instilling a sense of belonging to the organization HR can play a major role in ensuring that leaders assume these responsibilities and meet them in an effective away. (Collins, 2005). 6. 0 Technology in HR Activities A human resources officer develops, advises on and implements policies relating to the effective use of personnel within an organization. HR personnel work comprises a number of different but related policies, all of which are required by organizations that employ people, whatever the size or type of business. These cover areas such as working practices, recruitment, pay, conditions of employment and diversity. HR staffs need to ensure that the organization employs the right balance of staff in terms of skills and experience, and that training and development opportunities are available to employees to enhance their performance in order to achieve the organization’s objectives. Collins, 2005). Typical work activities As a human resources (HR) officer they must have a clear understanding of their organization’s business objectives and be able to devise and implement policies which select, develop and retain the right staff needed to meet these objectives. (Farquharson, 2006)The exact nature of the work activities varies according to the organization, but is likely to include: working closely with departmen ts, increasingly in a consultancy role, assisting line managers to understand and implement policies and procedures; †¢ promoting equality and diversity as part of the culture of the organization; †¢ liaising with a wide range of organizations involved in areas such as disability, gender, age, religion and health and safety; †¢ recruiting staff – this includes developing job descriptions, preparing advertisements, checking application forms, short listing, interviewing and selecting candidates; †¢ developing policies on issues such as working conditions, performance management, equal opportunities, disciplinary procedures and absence management; †¢ advising on pay and other remuneration issues, including promotion and benefits; †¢ undertaking regular salary reviews; negotiating with staff and their representatives on issues relating to pay and conditions; †¢ administering payroll and maintaining records relating to staff; †¢ interpretin g and advising on employment legislation; †¢ listening to grievances and implementing disciplinary procedures; †¢ developing HR planning strategies with line managers, which consider immediate and long-term staff requirements in terms of numbers and skill levels; †¢ planning and sometimes delivering training, including inductions for new staff; †¢ Analyzing training needs in conjunction with departmental managers. (Farquharson, 2006) When considering all the above accepts of a human resource manager, they must allocate much and more time and energy on selecting the right candidate to the right position. The technology can be used on Selected HRM activities such for Employee recruitment, employee selection, training and development and performance appraisals 6. 1 Recruitment & Selection The HR manager faces the main challenge when it comes to Recruitment and selection the manager has to be much more careful when choosing the right candidate. A recent study showed that the correlation between the ability to deliver well in a job interview and the ability to do well on the job is just 14 percent, or one good employee out of every seven people you hire. (Okpara, 2006). If you or your recruitment agency has found itself in a similar position, there are proven methods to improve this average. The same study considered these methods. Background Checks  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ According to (Okpara, 2006). The 14 percent increases to 26 percent if the candidates passes a series of  employee background checks like falsified educational credentials and other serious liabilities, background checks only reveal information when an individual has been caught being lying. Of equal or greater value are underlying attitudes, as well as actions at which an applicant has not been caught, to most fully protect the organization against negligent hiring lawsuits and to assure the organizations are hiring reliable, ethical, hard-working employees. Knowing this information about the people the company hire is absolutely essential because a business can be held liable for accidents and crimes committed by its employees. Personality Tests  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ consider traditional assessment tools used in the hiring process. These assessments measure personality characteristics. Personality tests  raised the rate of success in hiring to around 50 percent positive. (Okpara, 2006). Many employers want to know a candidate’s aptitude and personality type to ensure an appropriate job match. Some want to know it before they hire a candidate, some before they promote an employee, and some before they create work teams. In an effort to learn more about an employee, employers today administer personality tests. There are many kinds of personality tests available, but in the workplace a validated and reliable occupational assessment is critical to success on the job. (Okpara, 2006). Those professionals do not pass or fail but should be selected for the job that matches their individual personalities. Abilities Assessments  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ When applicants were tested for both abilities and personality, employers found they were hiring the right people just over half or about 54 percent of the time. (Times, 2006) After managers have used to identify their employee’s strengths and areas for development, they can use the Series to software’s available to develop the competencies that are most important to their professional growth and success. (Okpara, 2006). The software’s are conveniently located on the Internet, making it easy to implement and execute. These systems help managers to keep doing the things they do well, stop doing those things that interfere with their effectiveness, and start doing things that will improve their performance. These systems encourage managers to perform their jobs better. It gives emphasis to the importance of managers to the organization and its goals and pays big dividends in the form of improved productivity, fewer â€Å"people problems,† increased employee retention, and greater profits. It is an ideal method for managers to improve their leadership and management skills. It can be used anywhere and at any time because it is on the Internet. After responding to questions and doing online exercises, it gives managers the tools they need to maximize their strengths, become better managers, and lead more effectively. Interest Assessments  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ To take it one step further, the study considered  interest assessments, an even more sophisticated tool. It measures the job-related qualities that make a person productive – Thinking and Reasoning Style, Behavioral character, and Occupational Interests. These systems were used for placement, promotion, self-improvement, coaching, succession planning, and job description development. (Okpara, 2006). It is a flexible management tool that develops Job Match Patterns that can be customized by company, department, manager, position, geography, or any combination of these factors. Job Match  Assessments  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ The study found that the most impressive and successful assessments are integrated measures of a combination of factors, and also include the concept of  job match. They use cutting-edge technology combined with empirical data to evaluate the candidate against employees who are exemplary in performing their duties. Okpara, 2006). These recruitment assessments increased an employer's ability to identify excellent candidates more than 75 percent of the time. Hiring top performing employees may be one of the most valuable activities you can do for your business. This system combine tested and reliable data derived from pre-emp loyment screening assessment system, with a customized job analysis survey to create a benchmark by which the manager can hire an employee who best fits for the job and company. Employee Selection Process By including job match as a key factor in your employee hiring process, allocation of human capital will be significantly more effective. Most employee hiring decisions are made with inadequate information, but Profiles International assessments will deliver the information that the manager need to know before tendering a job offer and making a hiring mistake. 6. 2 Performance Appraisal Technology may contribute to performance management and thus to appraisal satisfaction in two primary ways. First, technology may facilitate measuring an individual’s performance via computer monitoring activities. This frequently occurs as an unobtrusive and rote mechanical process that relies on minimal input from individuals beyond their task performance. Jobs that incorporate this type of appraisal technology are frequently scripted or repetitious and involve little personal judgment or discretion. Working in a call centre or performing data entry are examples. (Peters, 2004). In this instance, the very act of performing a job simultaneously becomes the measure of how well a jobholder accomplishes it. Keystrokes, time on task, or numbers of calls made are recorded and at once become both job content and appraisal content. A second approach to technology and performance management changes the emphasis so that technology becomes a tool to facilitate the process of writing reviews or generating performance feedback. Examples here include multi-rater appraisals that supervisors or team members generate online, as well as off-the-shelf appraisal software packages that actually construct an evaluation for a manager. (Peters, 2004). This particular technological approach occurs more often in the ontext of jobs that involve personal judgment, high discretion, and open-ended tasks for which real-time performance monitoring is not an option. 6. 3 Training and Development The activity of Training and development has been made more efficient from the implementation of technology to it. Organizations now use computer based training sessions which use a visually demonstrated and presentation oriented training programme for the employees. (Peters, 2004). Programmes are stored in computers which reduce the necessity of getting trainers to repeat the training programme over and over again. The employees are also equipped with software’s which enable them to re-check and use as manuals for the work they perform, thus influencing a cheaper mechanism of Self Training. (Peters, 2004). Errors and omissions are eliminated in the training programme, making the employees to understand their job processes more efficiently. 6. 4 Reward System The revolution is being driven by new technologies and by the major social and political changes that have led to the globalization of business and to the increasing numbers of democratic, capitalist countries. Billions of people have recently entered, or are about to enter, the capitalist world. (Collins, 2005). A smaller but very significant number have entered the world of electronic connectedness as a result of the growing popularity of the Internet, satellite TV, cellular phones, and videoconferencing. The combined effects of technological and political change on organizations are enormous and multifaceted. Increasingly, organizations are finding that in order to be competitive in the new global economy they have to reinvent themselves in important ways. This is true of their basic organizational structure, their global reach, and their use of information technology. (Collins, 2005). It is also true of their reward systems. The old reward practices and systems that worked well in nationally focused, bureaucratic, capital-intensive, hierarchical, steady-state, near-monopoly corporations. Dramatic change is needed, and it is not difficult to identify what the key theme of today's reward systems should be: a focus on rewarding excellence. Many factors argue for excellence being the number-one focus of any organization's reward system, including the ability to attract and retain the best people and to motivate the kind of performance that an organization needs in order to succeed in the new economy. Creating reward systems that focus on excellence and treat employees as human capital investors requires a major change in the way most systems operate. (Collins, 2005). Reward systems typically treat employees as job holders who are rewarded according to the size and nature of their jobs and how well they perform their jobs. Viewing them as human capital investors suggests a different approach to rewards in two respects. First, it suggests basing rewards on the value of the human capital that people bring to the organization. What their job is at a particular moment is much less important than the value of their knowledge and skills. Second, it suggests rewarding people according to how effectively they use their human capital-their knowledge, skills, and competencies to help the organization improve its business performance. Creating reward systems that recognize the value of human capital and reward performance excellence is not easy. It requires a careful articulation among an organization's reward system, business strategy, organization design, information systems, and employees. (Collins, 2005). I will begin our discussion of how it can be done by considering how reward systems impact organizational effectiveness. 7. 0 HRIS Human resource ‘info system’ The Human Resource Information System (HRIS) is a program or software or online issue solving method for the data entry, data tracking, and data information needs of the Human Resources, payroll, management, and accounting functions within a business. (Stone, 2005). In general packaged as a data base, hundreds of companies sell some form of HRIS and every HRIS has different capabilities. It is very important to select the HRIS carefully based on the capabilities you need for the organisation. Benefits of a Human Resource Information System (HRIS) is no longer a â€Å"nice to have,† but a necessity to help HR manage both a sea of information and the money spent on benefits plans, as HR faces limited resources and constantly changing data. (Stone, 2005). As a result the HRIS that most effectively serves companies tracks: Pay raises and history, pay grades and positions held †¢ Performance development plans, training received †¢ Disciplinary action received, personal em ployee information †¢ High potential employee identification, and applicant tracking, interviewing, and selection. An effective HRIS provides information on just about anything the company needs to track and analyze about employees, former employees, and applicants. Your company will need to select a Human Resources Information System and customize it to meet your needs. 8. 0 Benefits of Technology in HRM Technology is changing the way we work, the roles we undertake, and the interactions through which work gets done. (Peters, 2004). Companies are leveraging to manage the complexity of the global HRM and to deliver high-quality service. Companies use either a common system universal to all location For a example, HSBC uses people soft Ids to identify all the employees dispatched globally. SAP is the system that is used in MAS Holdings Globally, which enables the employees, suppliers and the management and the higher management to make Operational, analytical and strategic decisions, or a set of non standard system in unique to a each location to handle their HR programs and informational needs. The problem with the latter is that data are often late, incomplete and/or inaccurate. However because the time and cost factors they are the most commonly used. To reduce the negative impact of such problems some companies are developing service centers utilizing self service technologies and HRIS databases to eliminate routine work and to push delivery point back the employee or line management. With an appropriate use of HRM technology Human Resources staff enables employees to do their own benefits updates and address changes (example: by creating a data entry format , uploading it to the intranet and later program the filled data to be store into a central location), thus freeing HR staff for more strategic functions. Additionally, data necessary for employee management, knowledge development, career growth and development, and equal treatment is facilitated. (Farquharson, 2006). Finally, managers can access the information they need to legally, ethically, and effectively support the success of their reporting employees. 9. 0 Conclusion Technology and Human Resource have brought about a radical change in meeting with the strategies, policies and implementation of the corporate planning of an organization. In other words, it has become the nucleus of an organization, which caters to the requirements of selecting the right candidate for the suitable job, training and coaching them to develop and achieve the desired levels to maximize objectives and to create a competitive edge in the industry and ultimately sustain them in the organization with a career development plan. In this process, opportunities will be given to those who are really in need of a specific exposure in another country so as to acquire the required skills. This so called valuable resource will be able to cater to the demand with a long-term view, by adopting the right technology advancement at the right time and improve the overall operation of the organization with a clear vision and hence contribute to the bottomline which will enhance the share value and satisfy the shareholders to achieve satisfaction. 10. 0 Reference ? Stone, J, R. (2005). Human Resource Management. (5th Ed. ). John Wiley and sons, Australia ? Anne Osborne Kilpatrick, James A. Johnson, 2004. Handbook of Health Administration, Co. CRC Press ? Collins, M. (2005). Professional recruitment: Journal of proquest education, p. 32. ? Eddie, C. & Smith. (2004). Human Resource and Personnel Management: Text and Cases, Co. Tata-Mcgrawhill, p. 87-89. ? Farquharson, M. (2006). Performance appraisal: Journal of proquest education, p12. ? Grey. . (2005). Human resource planning: Journal of proquest education. ? Robert L. Mathis, John Harold Jackson, 2006. Human Resource Management, Co. Thomson South- Western ? Okpara, J. O. (2006). Job satisfaction: American journal of academy of business, p81. ? Peters, L. (2004). five keys to effective recruiting: Ivey business journal, p 21-24. ? Snell & Sherman, 2004, managing human resource 12th edition